World Down Syndrome Day

World Down Syndrome Day has been observed every March 21st since 2012 to advocate for people living with this condition. WorldDownSyndromeDay.org reports this particular date—the 21st day of the 3rd month—represents the third copy of the 21st chromosome. This extra chromosome causes Down syndrome.

Normally, our body has 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total) that direct how we develop and function. With Down syndrome, a partial or full extra copy of chromosome 21 occurs. According to the National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS), an error during cell division causes this extra chromosome to be passed onto the child and show up in all of their body's cells. No particular cause has been linked to this development, but the extra chromosome can be passed on to the child by either parent and the incidence increases with the age of the parent. The NDSS trisomy 21 chart and the YouTube video by children with Down syndrome CHROMOSOMES R US - a celebration for World Down Syndrome Day show how this occurs.

The National Down Syndrome Society states "Down syndrome is usually identified at birth by the presence of certain physical traits: low muscle tone, a single deep crease across the palm of the hand, a slightly flattened facial profile, and an upward slant to the eyes." A chromosomal analysis is used to confirm the diagnosis. Down Syndrome International states "children with Down syndrome generally take longer to reach developmental milestones and they will need some additional support." Early interventions can help with learning, speech, and movement. Cardiac problems can occur in 50% of children with Down syndrome, so an echocardiogram should be done 6 weeks after birth. Also, affected children are more likely to have vision and hearing problems and will need regular eye and ear exams. Other health troubles experienced with Down syndrome include epilepsy, neck instability, and thyroid, dietary, and sleep disorders.

Education, employment, and inclusion are important rights all people have, including those people with Down syndrome. The observance of World Down Syndrome Day brings attention to this fact and advocates for those that have it. The diagnosis of Down syndrome no longer limits what a person can do in their future. From actors, models, and athletes to educators, activists, and politicians, people with Down syndrome have proven that anyone can accomplish anything with hard work and dedication.